Frequently Asked Questions
Newest answers first — filter by category or search keyword
Do you work with international clients?
In this article, we answer the question: Do you work with international clients? NA, EU, SE Asia, beyond. English PM, cross-time-zone collaboration, worldwide shipping. Need Help with Your Project? At…
IoT connectivity options?
In this article, we answer the question: IoT connectivity options? WiFi, BLE, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, Zigbee, Thread/Matter. AWS IoT, Azure, custom MQTT. Edge processing. Need Help with Your Project? At Inno…
Physical tamper protection on gateways?
In this article, we answer the question: Physical tamper protection on gateways? Tamper enclosures, epoxy, tamper mesh, RDP Level 2 locks debug. Keys in ATECC608A/SE050. FIPS 140-2 L3 equivalent. Need…
Industrial security standards followed?
In this article, we answer the question: Industrial security standards followed? IEC 62443-4-1/4-2, NIST SP 800-82, ISO 27001, ETSI EN 303 645. Every gateway gets pen testing. Need Help with Your Proj…
MQTT QoS for industrial IoT?
In this article, we answer the question: MQTT QoS for industrial IoT? QoS 0 for telemetry, QoS 1 for alarms, QoS 2 for commands. Per-topic config. Keepalive 30–300s, LWT, session persistence. Need Hel…
How does Device Shadow work?
In this article, we answer the question: How does Device Shadow work? Device twin in AWS/Azure/custom MQTT. Delta sync cuts cellular costs 80–95%. Changes picked up on reconnect. Need Help with Your P…
Network redundancy (Ethernet/Wi-Fi/Cellular)?
In this article, we answer the question: Network redundancy (Ethernet/Wi-Fi/Cellular)? Multi-WAN: Ethernet primary, WiFi backup, 4G LTE failover. Sub-3s switch. Active bonding available. Global LTE ba…
Edge computing on gateways?
In this article, we answer the question: Edge computing on gateways? Real-time filtering, local rule engine, time-series cache, TFLite Micro ML inference, local MQTT broker. Under 10ms latency. Need H…
Secure OTA firmware updates?
In this article, we answer the question: Secure OTA firmware updates? SHA-256 + ECDSA signed, verified against embedded key. Dual-bank flash with auto rollback. MQTT TLS 1.3, delta updates, OTA dashbo…
AES-256 encryption on IoT gateways?
In this article, we answer the question: AES-256 encryption on IoT gateways? CRYP hardware AES-256 GCM at 300+ Mbps. Keys in RDP2/SE. Dual-layer: AES + MQTT TLS. Under 2ms per 1KB. Need Help with Your…
Modbus CRC errors on long cables?
In this article, we answer the question: Modbus CRC errors on long cables? Hardware: isolation, 120 Ohm term, chokes, TVS. Firmware: auto-retry, baud reduction. Diagnostics: CRC error logging. Proven …
Multi-protocol gateway solutions?
In this article, we answer the question: Multi-protocol gateway solutions? Modbus RTU to MQTT TLS, CANopen to EtherNet/IP, Profibus to PROFINET, BACnet MS/TP to IP. 500+ mappings, sub-50ms. Need Help …
X.509 certificate management for production?
In this article, we answer the question: X.509 certificate management for production? HSM-backed CA, unique certs per device. Key in OTP/ATECC608A/SE050. 1k+/hr via PKCS#11. TLS mTLS and cloud onboard…
What is Secure Boot for STM32 IoT gateways?
In this article, we answer the question: What is Secure Boot for STM32 IoT gateways? Hardware chain-of-trust: ECDSA/RSA-2048 verified against OTP key. TrustZone on STM32L5/U5/H5. Blocks tampered firmw…
Signal integrity on multi-layer boards?
In this article, we answer the question: Signal integrity on multi-layer boards? Controlled impedance (50/90/100 Ohm), matched routing, via stitching, HyperLynx simulation. Post-layout DRC. Need Help …
PCBs for -40°C to 125°C?
In this article, we answer the question: PCBs for -40°C to 125°C? High-Tg FR4/polyimide, AEC-Q100 parts, X7R/X8R ceramics, 2oz copper, ENIG. Chamber validated. Need Help with Your Project? A…
TVS protection for industrial interfaces?
In this article, we answer the question: TVS protection for industrial interfaces? RS485: SMBJ12CA, CAN: PESD1CAN, 24V: SMCJ28A+PTC. Within 5mm of connector. IEC 61000-4-5. Need Help with Your Project…
Industrial RS485 isolation design?
In this article, we answer the question: Industrial RS485 isolation design? 2.5 kV galvanic (ADM2587E/ISO3082), 120 Ohm term, common-mode chokes, TVS. TIA/EIA-485-A, 1,200 m cable. Need Help with Your…
Can you redesign an existing PCB?
In this article, we answer the question: Can you redesign an existing PCB? Obsolescence, cost reduction, yield improvement, performance upgrade, form factor change. Reverse engineering available. Need…
How do you reduce EMI?
In this article, we answer the question: How do you reduce EMI? Ground planes, controlled impedance, decoupling caps, differential pairs, via stitching, EMC simulation. CISPR standards. Need Help with…
When do I need a 4-layer PCB?
In this article, we answer the question: When do I need a 4-layer PCB? For high-density, high-speed signals, mixed analog/digital, EMI compliance. Most industrial designs use 4-6 layers. Need Help wit…
What files for PCB manufacturing?
In this article, we answer the question: What files for PCB manufacturing? Gerber RS-274X, Excellon drill, BOM, pick-and-place, assembly drawings, IPC docs. Need Help with Your Project? At InnovChip E…
How much does PCB design cost?
In this article, we answer the question: How much does PCB design cost? 2-layer $500-$1.5k, 4-6 layer $2k-$8k, 8+ layer $8k-$20k+. Schematic, layout, DFM, Gerbers included. Need Help with Your Project…
How do you handle offline data caching?
In this article, we answer the question: How do you handle offline data caching? Circular buffer in flash with CRC. Prioritized transmission on reconnect. 2-8 KB per 1k records, 10+ year life. Need He…
Do you follow MISRA-C standards?
In this article, we answer the question: Do you follow MISRA-C standards? MISRA-C:2012 via PC-lint/Cppcheck/SonarQube. Zero violations for safety-critical. Plus CERT-C guidelines. Need Help with Your …
What is flash wear leveling?
In this article, we answer the question: What is flash wear leveling? Distributes flash writes across sectors to extend life (~10k-100k cycles). Critical for data logging and frequent config saves. Ne…
AES-256 encryption on STM32?
In this article, we answer the question: AES-256 encryption on STM32? CRYP hardware at 300+ Mbps with DMA. ECB/CBC/CTR/GCM/CCM modes. Keys in RDP2 flash or secure element. Need Help with Your Project?…
What is Secure Boot for STM32?
In this article, we answer the question: What is Secure Boot for STM32? Only signed firmware can execute. Boot verifies ECDSA/RSA key from OTP. TrustZone on STM32L5/U5/H5. Need Help with Your Project?…
Do you provide source code and docs?
In this article, we answer the question: Do you provide source code and docs? Full source, architecture diagrams, API reference, integration guide, handover session. Need Help with Your Project? At In…
What protocols do you support?
In this article, we answer the question: What protocols do you support? UART, SPI, I2C, CAN, Modbus RTU/TCP, Ethernet, USB, SDIO, RS485, LIN, OneWire, custom. Need Help with Your Project? At InnovChip…
Do you provide bootloader development?
In this article, we answer the question: Do you provide bootloader development? UART/IAP, USB DFU, CAN OTA, secure boot with encryption, dual-bank fail-safe. Secure boot solutions. Need Help with Your…
Can you migrate STM32F1 to STM32H7?
In this article, we answer the question: Can you migrate STM32F1 to STM32H7? Register-level porting, HAL/LL adaptation, clock tree, memory optimization. 2-6 weeks. Need Help with Your Project? At Inno…
How long does STM32 development take?
In this article, we answer the question: How long does STM32 development take? Sensors 2-4wk, controllers 4-8wk, complex 8-16wk. Agile with regular milestones. Need Help with Your Project? At InnovChi…
How much does STM32 development cost?
In this article, we answer the question: How much does STM32 development cost? Simple $2k-5k, complex $10k-50k+. Free assessment with full scope breakdown. Need Help with Your Project? At InnovChip El…
What is STM32 firmware development?
In this article, we answer the question: What is STM32 firmware development? Embedded software for STM32: bare-metal, FreeRTOS, drivers (UART, SPI, I2C, CAN), protocols (Modbus, TCP/IP). STM32 service…
What warranty do you offer?
In this article, we answer the question: What warranty do you offer? 90-day warranty on firmware, PCB, and documentation. Extended support contracts available. Need Help with Your Project? At InnovChi…
Can you help with FCC, CE, UL certification?
In this article, we answer the question: Can you help with FCC, CE, UL certification? Built in from day one. FCC Part 15, CE EMC/LVD, UL 60950-1. Coordinate with accredited labs. Need Help with Your P…
Do you help with component sourcing?
In this article, we answer the question: Do you help with component sourcing? BOM sourcing from DigiKey, Mouser, LCSC, Arrow. Redesign for availability; volume savings passed to you. Need Help with Yo…
What if requirements change mid-project?
In this article, we answer the question: What if requirements change mid-project? Agile sprints absorb minor changes. Major changes need your approval with clear cost/schedule impact. Need Help with Y…
Do you follow international quality standards?
In this article, we answer the question: Do you follow international quality standards? ISO 9001-aligned, FCC/CE pre-compliance, IPC PCB acceptance, MISRA-C compliance. UL, RoHS, REACH-ready. Need Hel…
Can you work with our existing team?
In this article, we answer the question: Can you work with our existing team? We operate as your extension using Git, Slack, weekly stand-ups. Cover NA, EU, APAC time zones. Need Help with Your Projec…
Do you provide post-delivery maintenance?
In this article, we answer the question: Do you provide post-delivery maintenance? 3-month warranty on all work. Extended maintenance (6-24 mo) with security patches and SLA response. Need Help with Y…
How does your pricing work?
In this article, we answer the question: How does your pricing work? Milestone-based (30-50% upfront). Fixed-price for small projects. Bank transfer, PayPal, credit cards. USD with full breakdown. Nee…
Do you provide engineering samples before production?
In this article, we answer the question: Do you provide engineering samples before production? Yes—5-10 samples per project. Also manage production (100-10k units) with BOM sourcing and testing. Need …
How do you handle NDA and IP protection?
In this article, we answer the question: How do you handle NDA and IP protection? Mutual NDA before discussion. All IP assigned to client. Strict data segregation—never reuse code or designs. Need Hel…
What types of embedded projects does InnovChip take on?
In this article, we answer the question: What types of embedded projects does InnovChip take on? STM32 firmware, PCB design (2-12 layers), industrial IoT gateways, secure OTA, full product engineering…